connection of hemofilter

In medicine, hemofiltration, also haemofiltration, is a renal replacement therapy which is used in the intensive care setting. It is usually used to treat acute kidney injury (AKI), but may be of benefit in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or sepsis. During hemofiltration, a patient's blood is passed through a set of tubing (a filtration circuit) via a machine to a semipermeable membrane (the filter) where waste products and water (collectively called ultrafiltrate) are removed by convection. Replacement fluid is added and the blood is returned to the patient

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heart lung machine

Cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the patient's body. The CPB pump itself is often referred to as a heart–lung machine or "the pump". Cardiopulmonary bypass pumps are operated by perfusionists. CPB is a form of extracorporeal circulation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is generally used for longer-term treatment.

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cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia

Extracorporeal circulation and cardiopulmonary bypass are synonymous terms denoting a method by which the blood that usually returns directly to the heart is temporarily drained from the superior and inferior venae cavae. The blood is diverted into a reservoir, where it is oxygenated and subsequently returned to the patient’s arterial circulation. This process effectually excludes the heart from the general circulation and leaves it empty so that it can accommodate surgical intervention. Myocardial protection To provide a dry, motionless, operative area, a cross-clamp is placed across the ascending aorta above the coronary ostia and proximal to the aortic cannula, thus isolating the coronary circulation and preventing blood entering the chambers of the heart. Therefore, techniques of myocardial protection are used to preserve myocardial function and prevent cell death. Cardioplegic techniques for myocardial protection involve the delivery of cardioplegic solution t...

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