Extra Corporeal Circulation

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a technique allows blood to bypass the heart and lungs, and takes over the function of the heart and lungs temporarily during surgery, to maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the body.
The Cardiopulmonary bypass machine also known as a heart–lung machine(HLM) or "the pump". Cardiopulmonary bypass pumps are operated by perfusionists.
The Cardiopulmonary bypass consists generally of, the CPB machine and circuit comprises of plastic tubing, cannulas, and oxygenator . The CPB is designed to maintain systemic
blood flow, oxygenation, and temperature regulation during surgery. Venous blood is drained by gravity into the reservoir by cannula placed in the right atrium or (SVC & IVC ),then pumped
through the oxygenator(oxygenation of blood, remove carbon dioxide and cool/rewarm blood ) and returned into the patient’s arterial system by cannula in the ascending aorta.
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heart lung machine

Cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the patient's body. The CPB pump itself is often referred to as a heart–lung machine or "the pump". Cardiopulmonary bypass pumps are operated by perfusionists. CPB is a form of extracorporeal circulation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is generally used for longer-term treatment.

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cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia

Extracorporeal circulation and cardiopulmonary bypass are synonymous terms denoting a method by which the blood that usually returns directly to the heart is temporarily drained from the superior and inferior venae cavae. The blood is diverted into a reservoir, where it is oxygenated and subsequently returned to the patient’s arterial circulation. This process effectually excludes the heart from the general circulation and leaves it empty so that it can accommodate surgical intervention. Myocardial protection To provide a dry, motionless, operative area, a cross-clamp is placed across the ascending aorta above the coronary ostia and proximal to the aortic cannula, thus isolating the coronary circulation and preventing blood entering the chambers of the heart. Therefore, techniques of myocardial protection are used to preserve myocardial function and prevent cell death. Cardioplegic techniques for myocardial protection involve the delivery of cardioplegic solution t

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