off pump coronay artery bypass graft

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is a standard procedure for patients
who require CABG in Japan, with OPCAB performed in >60 % of patients who undergo
CABG. This widespread use of OPCAB in Japan is supported by a number of studies that
have been performed in the Japanese population. This chapter introduces those studies that
have had a signifi cant impact on OPCAB-related practice and consists of four primary
sections that summarize the technical aspects, patient management, intraoperative graft
evaluation, and surgical outcomes related to OPCAB. Although the majority of these
studies were conducted retrospectively in single institutions, they are well designed, relevant,
and innovative. To establish evidence for guidelines to be used in Japanese clinical
settings, larger multicenter, randomized prospective, and observational studies using
nationwide databases should be conducted.
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1v22y-8wy66JuDM4HX3YKZtthlNu8SD_O

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heart lung machine

Cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the patient's body. The CPB pump itself is often referred to as a heart–lung machine or "the pump". Cardiopulmonary bypass pumps are operated by perfusionists. CPB is a form of extracorporeal circulation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is generally used for longer-term treatment.

cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia

Extracorporeal circulation and cardiopulmonary bypass are synonymous terms denoting a method by which the blood that usually returns directly to the heart is temporarily drained from the superior and inferior venae cavae. The blood is diverted into a reservoir, where it is oxygenated and subsequently returned to the patient’s arterial circulation. This process effectually excludes the heart from the general circulation and leaves it empty so that it can accommodate surgical intervention. Myocardial protection To provide a dry, motionless, operative area, a cross-clamp is placed across the ascending aorta above the coronary ostia and proximal to the aortic cannula, thus isolating the coronary circulation and preventing blood entering the chambers of the heart. Therefore, techniques of myocardial protection are used to preserve myocardial function and prevent cell death. Cardioplegic techniques for myocardial protection involve the delivery of cardioplegic solution t

cardiac perfusion learner

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